Yesterday, the governor of the Financial institution of Ghana, the nation’s central financial institution, mentioned that crypto rules will probably be in place by the tip of 2025. This follows draft tips the financial institution revealed final yr.
By introducing a robust authorized footing for crypto traders and firms, Ghana will be a part of 9 different international locations on the continent which have legal guidelines in place for digital property.
Typically, crypto adoption is rising in Africa, significantly in Sub-Saharan Africa. Grassroots adoption and retail exercise make it the third-fastest-growing area for crypto.
Lawmakers are taking discover. Right here’s a take a look at 10 international locations which have developed, or are growing, particular authorized frameworks:
Ghana
Johnson Asiama, governor of the Financial institution of Ghana, mentioned on the Worldwide Financial Fund’s assembly on Thursday that his nation will be capable of ship sturdy crypto rules by the yr’s finish.
“That invoice is on its technique to parliament. Hopefully earlier than the tip of December, we should always be capable of regulate cryptocurrencies in Ghana,” he mentioned.
The rules are a very long time coming. The financial institution first revealed draft laws in August 2024. In these tips, the financial institution proposed an eight-pillar framework, which included rising registration and reporting necessities for exchanges and digital asset service suppliers (VASPs).
The brand new legal guidelines goal to deal with rising curiosity in crypto amongst Ghanaian traders. Some 3 million Ghanaians, or almost 9% of the nation’s inhabitants, use crypto.
South Africa
In 2022, the Monetary Sector Conduct Authority (FSCA) of South Africa formally declared crypto to be a monetary product. This introduced crypto underneath the Monetary Advisory and Middleman Companies Act. This implies digital property are regulated with correct licensing regimes, client protections and person verifications in place.
Since then, the FSCA has issued dozens of licenses, and worldwide crypto corporations have arrange operations there. As of Oct. 10, a partnership between QR funds supplier Scan to Pay and Bitcoin (BTC) funds firm MoneyBadger permits South Africans to pay with crypto at 650,000 shops within the nation. On Wednesday, Ripple introduced a partnership with South African financial institution Absa to offer crypto custody for the financial institution’s prospects.
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Lawmakers in South Africa are nonetheless tweaking rules. In August, Finance Minister Enoch Godongwana introduced a draft framework for cross-border crypto transactions. He mentioned there are nonetheless “sensible challenges and implications if cryptocurrency is considered as cash.”
Mauritius
In February 2022, the island nation of Mauritius handed the Digital Asset and Preliminary Token Providing Companies Act. In response to the Mauritius Worldwide Finance Centre, the act “units out a complete legislative framework to manage the enterprise actions of digital property service suppliers and preliminary token choices.”
Token issuers, wallets, exchanges and custodians are regulated by the Monetary Companies Fee. The act additionally established requirements for preliminary token suppliers, aligning with the requirements set by the Monetary Motion Job Power (FATF).
Botswana
Botswana’s Digital Belongings Act No. 3 of 2022 established a regulatory framework for crypto overseen by the Non-Financial institution Monetary Establishments Regulatory Authority (NBFIRA). Underneath the act, VASPs like exchanges and token issuers should register with the NBFIRA. It additionally establishes due diligence and client safety requirements.
The central financial institution has said that it sees “minimal” threat from cryptocurrencies. However in December 2024, it mentioned that extra rules are nonetheless wanted.
Nigeria
In April 2025, Nigeria formally acknowledged crypto property for the primary time with the passage of the Funding and Securities Act (ISA). The ISA outlined crypto as securities and put VASPs, trade operators and different crypto companies underneath the scope of the Securities and Change Fee (SEC).
Final month, the Nigerian SEC refined its definitions for tokens into 4 classes for regulatory oversight. The company mentioned its aim was “to not hinder know-how or stifle innovation” however to create requirements by which it may “encourage moral practices that finally make for a good and environment friendly market.”
Unsure rules in Nigeria, particularly the lawsuit towards crypto trade Binance and the arrest of Binance government Tigran Gambaryan, left many within the trade cautious about doing enterprise there. Regulators have mentioned that they’re “open for enterprise.”
Namibia
In 2023, Namibia enacted the Digital Belongings Act (VAA). Just like many different frameworks, it created tips for VASPs, together with licensing regimes and supervision. The Nationwide Meeting mentioned its high goals have been to guard shoppers, forestall market abuse and decrease the dangers of cash laundering and illicit finance.
The Namibia Monetary Establishments Supervisory Authority, which serves as the first regulator, has a two-step licensing mannequin (first provisional, then full license). Purposes are additionally evaluated by the central financial institution.
Tanzania
The Tanzanian authorities handed the Finance Act of 2024, which launched 3% tax on funds made for digital asset exchanges or transfers to residents. The act broadly defines cryptocurrencies, tokens and non-fungible tokens (NFTs) as “digital property” and requires that platforms be registered as holding brokers with the tax authority.
Little progress has been made since, however it displays a shift from the federal government’s earlier hard-line method, which had banned crypto. In 2023, the Financial institution of Tanzania introduced it could begin investigating a central financial institution digital foreign money however would take a “phased, cautious and risk-based method.”
Seychelles
In August 2024, the Seychelles Nationwide Meeting handed the Digital Asset Service Suppliers Act (VASPA). It got here into impact on Sept. 1 of that yr.
The act requires VASPs to get a license from the Monetary Companies Authority. Together with the standard Anti-Cash Laundering and Know Your Buyer necessities, it additionally requires NFT and preliminary coin providing promoters to register with the authorities.
The nation’s standing as a comparatively lax monetary hub has made it a magnet for funding and registrations. A June report from Tech in Africa states that the nation attracted 31% of all blockchain funding over the past yr.
Kenya
On Oct. 13, the Kenyan parliament handed the Digital Asset Service Suppliers Invoice regulating digital property and cryptocurrencies. Treasury Cupboard Secretary John Mbadi introduced the draft laws in January, saying the federal government was “dedicated to creating the mandatory authorized and regulatory framework” for cryptocurrencies.
The act will set up the central financial institution because the licensing authority for stablecoin and token issuers, whereas the Capital Markets Authority will oversee and license exchanges and different buying and selling platforms.
Kuria Kimani, chairman of the finance committee within the nationwide meeting, mentioned, “We hope that Kenya might be now the gateway into Africa … Many of the younger individuals between 18 and 35 years of age are actually utilizing digital property for buying and selling, settling funds and as a method of funding or doing enterprise.”
Rwanda
In March 2025, the Capital Markets Authority (CMA) and the Nationwide Financial institution of Rwanda collectively launched a draft legislation regulating crypto and VASPs. The legislation would create licenses for VASPs but additionally represents a extra cautious method than another international locations. The legislation would ban crypto mining, crypto ATMs and mixing providers.
Native regulators have been involved concerning the potential misuse of crypto, citing steering from the FATF. Carine Twiringiyimana, supervisor of licensing and approvals at CMA, instructed native media, “A key concern … is that digital property can be utilized as a channel for cash laundering. That’s why these rules are being launched to mitigate such dangers whereas additionally offering clear steering to the general public and digital asset service suppliers.”