Native studies point out that South Korea’s central financial institution has suspended its central financial institution digital foreign money (CBDC) pilot program, pivoting the nation’s focus towards a non-public, bank-led stablecoin initiative.
The Financial institution of Korea (BOK) halted its “Mission Han River,” following mounting strain from business banking companions who cited prohibitive prices and the absence of a viable enterprise mannequin, as The Korea Herald reported.
The mission launched earlier this 12 months was a two-tier system involving a wholesale CBDC for interbank settlement and tokenized deposits for retail use by 100,000 residents. Nonetheless, the seven collaborating banks collectively spent almost 35 billion gained (about $26 million) on the preliminary three-month section and have been unwilling to proceed and not using a clear path to profitability.
A final-minute supply from BOK Governor Rhee Chang-yong to cowl half the prices for the mission’s second section was rejected, signaling that the banks’ considerations have been elementary to the enterprise case, not simply the expense.
Within the vacuum left by the state-led mission, a consortium of eight main business banks, together with KB Kookmin, Shinhan, and Woori, has shaped to develop a won-pegged stablecoin. This initiative is actively supported by the Korea Monetary Telecommunications and Clearings Institute (KFTC) and goals for a public launch in late 2025 or early 2026.
The banks see a transparent business benefit in issuing their very own stablecoins, leveraging their buyer base to create new income streams and stop disintermediation from fintech rivals or a state-run foreign money.
This strategic pivot was enabled by a shift in authorities coverage underneath President Lee Jae-myung, who campaigned on a pro-crypto platform that included a promise to approve won-pegged stablecoins.
President Lee’s administration is fast-tracking the “Digital Asset Primary Act,” laws that gives a authorized framework for stablecoins. The act notably grants main regulatory authority to the Monetary Companies Fee (FSC), not the Financial institution of Korea, and units a low capital requirement of ₩500 million (about $370,000) to encourage competitors.
The personal sector has moved aggressively to safe its place. KB Kookmin, the nation’s largest financial institution, filed for 17 completely different emblems for potential stablecoin tickers like KBKRW, which it known as a “preemptive transfer.” In the meantime, Shinhan Financial institution has been getting ready for this second for years, conducting worldwide remittance proofs-of-concept with stablecoins way back to November 2021.
Whereas BOK Governor Rhee has publicly conceded that won-backed stablecoins are mandatory, he and different central financial institution officers proceed to precise grave considerations. They warn {that a} proliferation of personal stablecoins might undermine financial coverage, create systemic threat harking back to the 2022 Terra/Luna collapse, and speed up capital flight as customers swap won-stablecoins for dollar-pegged options.
The amount of USD-pegged stablecoin transactions in Korea reached ₩56.95 trillion ($41.6 billion) within the first quarter of 2025 alone.
The central financial institution has advocated for a extra cautious rollout, preferring that solely extremely regulated banks be allowed to challenge stablecoins initially earlier than increasing to non-bank entities.
Within the meantime, the BOK has framed its suspended CBDC work as a possible “countermeasure to stablecoins,” a public choice to be revived if the personal market proves too risky.