Right this moment, on day 11 of the Twister Money trial, Dr. Edman, co-founder and companion at Naxo, a digital forensics and investigations agency, took the stand for almost all of the trial day.
In his direct testimony, he outlined key crypto phrases for the courtroom, defined the extent to which Twister Money was decentralized, highlighted the precautions Roman Storm and the opposite Twister Money co-founders took to forestall dangerous actors from utilizing the service, and known as into query the validity of the evaluation introduced by two former witnesses.
In the course of the cross-examination, the prosecution prodded Dr. Edman to share particulars and to supply nuance concerning a few of the claims he made and the information he introduced in his testimony.
Describing How Twister Money Works
In his slides, Dr. Edman described Twister Money as a noncustodial service that used immutable sensible contracts to anonymize transactions.
As he launched crypto-specific phrases and phrases which may have been unfamiliar to the jury akin to “cryptographic signatures,” “sensible contracts,” and the aforementioned “immutable,” he outlined them in layperson’s phrases.
He was so thorough in doing in order that his efforts grew to become seemingly counterproductive in that he misplaced a few of the members of the jury within the course of.
That mentioned, he did make a lot of notable factors in his testimony, together with that the Twister Money pool contracts had been immutable since Might 18, 2020, that the Twister Money DAO performed a job in governing Twister Money (versus simply Storm and his co-founders), and {that a} “minified” (lowered) model of the supply Twister Money person interface (UI) supply code had existed on GitHub since practically the onset of the challenge for the technically inclined to repeat and use as they happy.
Dr. Edman additionally famous that even the UI for Twister Money was decentralized in a way in that it existed on IPFS (InterPlanetary File System), a peer–to-peer storage system for sharing information throughout distributed networks.
The Precautions The Twister Money Builders Took
Dr. Edman highlighted the truth that Storm and his co-founders utilized a geoblocking system to the UI, making it tougher for individuals or entities from sure areas of the globe, like North Korea or Cuba, to make use of the UI.
He additionally famous that the Twister Money builders applied the Chainalysis Sanctions Oracle — a sensible contract that features a checklist of sanctioned addresses — inside a month of Chainalysis’ creating the instrument.
Criticizing The Testimony of Two Different Witnesses
Dr. Edman acknowledged that he’d reviewed the information that FBI Particular Agent DeCapua introduced final week, whereas mentioning that the wallets related to the Ronin hack didn’t transfer funds by Twister Money. He mentioned that there have been a lot of hops from the Ronin hack pockets to Twister Money, making the evaluation tougher to validate.
He added that from September 1, 2020 to August 8, 2022, 85% of funds that moved by Twister Money have been “unidentified” whereas solely 13% have been from hacks from DeCapua’s demonstrations, making the purpose that almost all of Twister Money customers weren’t essentially criminals.
Dr. Edman additionally critiqued the testimony from Philip Werlau, a blockchain auditor from AnChain.AI and a witness for the prosecution.
Dr. Edman was significantly important of Mr. Werlau’s distinctive “fuel ratio evaluation,” which tracked crypto deposits into Twister Money. He acknowledged that he doesn’t know of this technique’s identified error charges and that neither did Mr. Werlau. (He mentioned as a lot in his testimony.)
Cross-Inspecting Dr. Edman
Towards the start Dr. Edman’s cross-examination, the prosecution harped on the truth that, from December 2020 till August 8, 2022, virtually the entire funds that moved by Twister Money have been put by a router that Storm and his co-founders had arrange.
The prosecution confirmed a slide illustrating Twister Money’s 7,764 deposits and seven,322 withdrawals for the 100 ETH Twister Money pool by way of the router in February 2022, a month wherein no funds have been processed by mentioned pool immediately.
Whereas Dr. Edman largely agreed with this being the case, he didn’t assist the prosecution’s declare that the criminals have been shifting illicit funds by the router as a result of doing so helped them to extend their anonymity. (The prosecution argued that the criminals’ placing the funds by the identical entry level as the entire different customers helped to make the transactions not stand out.)
Additionally in the course of the cross-examination, the prosecution acknowledged that the house owners of the Twister Money group’s GitHub account (Storm and his two co-founders) made the ultimate choices concerning what was included within the UI and so they added that the supply code for the UI wasn’t as open supply as Dr. Edman claimed it was throughout his testimony.
To the latter level, the prosecution argued that solely offering the minified supply code wasn’t the identical as offering the total supply code.
Dr. Edman was reluctant to agree with this evaluation, and settled by stating that below the strict definition of open supply the prosecution supplied, the Twister Money UI wasn’t technically absolutely open supply from the onset.
The prosecution additionally requested Dr. Edman whether or not Storm and the opposite Twister Money builders truly included the geoblocking code.
They confirmed a commit for the code that Dr. Edman had included in his slides, and pressured Dr. Edman to share whether or not or not he knew for certain the code was merged. Dr. Edman mentioned that it was to the most effective of his information.
A Second Witness Takes The Stand
With roughly 10 minutes left within the trial day, the protection known as their second witness of the day, Tyler Alameida, to the stand.
Mr. Alameida works in cybersecurity at Coinbase and testified to the truth that he as soon as used Twister Money to protect his privateness as he despatched funds from his pockets to the Ukrainian warfare fund.
Whereas Choose Failla hadn’t allowed a lot area for the witnesses to speak concerning the privateness use case for Twister Money, she did allow Mr. Alameida to inform his story inside the simply over 5 minutes he was on the stand.
What’s Subsequent?
The protection will name extra witnesses to the stand tomorrow, certainly one of which will likely be a custodian for Chainalysis.
After that the protection has acknowledged that it plans to convey roughly 4 extra witnesses to the stand, together with probably Roman Storm himself.